Peters



JAMES PERRY, OFV BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 78,231, dated .May Y52,6, 1868.

COMBINED OVEN AND BATH.

Adiluir 'clptulfe morta tu it tipa trttaspatent mit mating part nf tige same., d

TO ALL WHOM 1T MAY CONCEBN: 4

Be it known that I, JAMES PERRXQO' Brooklyn, in' the county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Combined Oven und Bath; and I do hereby declare that the following is a suiciently full, clear, and exact description thereof to enable those skillediin the arts -and uses of the same t0 understand, construct, and apply them to practice, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, `whichA makes part of this specification.

The object ofmy invention is to obtain a'gr'eater amount of useful eifectfrom-the combustion of'a given quantity of fuel used in the process of manufacturing bread than is at present obtained.

It has been discovered in practice, and can be demonstrated by science, that in the baking of bread of all descriptions a large amount of heat is distributed through the atmosphere when the products ofcombustion, in

heating the oven or ovens to the proper degree for' use, are directly'carried off by the draughtof the chimney,V

and that a great amount is thus wasted bythe heatv rendered latent `the-v'apnrization of the fluids that -unavor'rdably occurs by the high temperature necessary to the process of bal ingand also in the tempering of the oven by water, and the coolingof the baked products after they have been baked. v That this heat hitherto'wasted may be applied to a useful purpose, it is necessary to associate such other art or pursuit with the process of baking as shall, by-its nature and requirements, admit of utilizing it advan tageously; and it is therefore believed by the inventor that no other art Arequiring the application of heat in its processes is so well adapted to this end as the administration of baths,`f"r thejreason that the temperature of the media for such purpose is suiciently low to rendersensible andithereforeavailable the large amount of latent heat that has hitherto been Wasted, 'as above set forth. Y

My invention therefore consists in combining, with an ovenor ovensarid theirlfurnace or furnaces, a room or rooms, by means of heat-ducts, conductors', pipes, or their equivalents, fin such manuenthat the hitherto wasted heat from said products of combustion, vapors, hot-baked products,or any ofjthern, may cause the temperature of the air in the said room or rooms to rise to the'rlequired degrees for the administration of het air and other baths, whereby I am enabled te employ the. heat which is at present allowed to escape and be i wasted for a useful and highly sanitary purpose.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate my invention, I have shown tn ro ovens adjoining each other, and enclosed spaces on each side of the chimney, and the bathing-chamber or rooms to be warmed by the waste heat immediately over the ovens, the doors of one of the suite of rooms being removed to expose some of the waste-heat duc'ts under the same. Y i

Figure l is a transverse vertical section throughv both ovens, taken in the plane of the line x* il', g. 2, (sec red arrows.)` v y Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section, taken in the plane of the line iig. 1, as high as the plane of the line zltz, but the balance of iig. 2 represents the view of bath-rooms lying beyorid'the vertical plane of the line u* u*, iig. 3 3*.'

Figure 3 3* is a pian View of what liesbelow thehori'zontal planes, in which the lines e* e* and iv* c* of.

g. 2 are taken, fig. exposing what may beseen below the plane z* 2*, tig: 3f that ivhich is exposed below the` plane c* Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in all the figures. Y

A, fig. 2, designates one of an ordinary kind of ovc'n for baking purposes, and .i3 the place where the furnace for heating the oven is located. A draught-way or outlet, a, communicates with the oven A bya damper, b, and with the furnace and its fines by a damper, c, and opens into areeeiving-chamber, d, which has' an'outlet into the chimney C, as shown by theuarrows 1-2 at the right of the base of the chimney, iig. 1. i

The products of combustion from the furnace, or the ercess of hot gases which accumulate in `the lower part of the oven, may thus be caused to pass off directly into the chimney, if desired; but if 'it bedesired to.v

make the products of combustior or the excess of heat hitherto Wasted, and therefore designated waste heat,

serve a useful purpose, the same may be accomplished by opening a damper, e, when the said het gases will ascenda passage-way or duct,f, as indicated by the arrows 3, 4, 5, 6,*at thevle'ft' of thc base ofthe' chimney, fig. 1, and thus keep an enclosed space'containing boilers or water-receivers, O 0, sufficiently heated, and the water also to the proper degree, and therefore a supply of such water is always provided for baking and bathing purposes by the employment andlsaving of someof thehe'at o f the h ot gases which areforcedto escape by the excess of pressure in the o'ven produced by the process of baking, which heat, with ovens as now con- `*structed and used,- is allowed to escape into the building and chimney, and-thus be wasted, and at the same time be injurious to the preparationof tl 1e dough.

At the top of the duc-tf there is a damper, g, opening an aperture Ainto the, chimney, which, when open, allows the hotcurrent ascending the ductf to escape, the draught of the chimney being suiiicient tocause it to do so; but it is intended to employ the heatof the hot current for a still-further useful purpose,and to aecom- -plish this the damper g may be partly or entirely closed, as the case may require, when the current will pass alooringrE which extends over thesaidyspac'es Provision'is made for using the waste heat, &c., from either o'nc of the 'ovens for heating the suite of rooms over the other oven when'the latter is not 'heated or in use. This is effected by a damper, k, which, in the present instance, 'turns lupon an axis in, its ce.ntre,.and thus connects the passage-way or short duct Zwith the space D or z' of either oven, at the will of the operator, and hence the current moves from either hot oven to the 'spaces and ducts of the colder one, provided the damper g, directly opposite g in the chimney, be open when the latter is closede i I y n Y One end of the damper K, in the arrangement shown, is'caused, when in one position, to rest against the along the horizontal duct 7a, and along another duct,'z', and intothe long and wide duct or space D under the -partition p, which extends partly across the space D, and the other end to rest against the outer wall of the chimney.

In some casesit will be desirable to convey the waste heat through pipes or radiating-apparatus inside of some ofthe rooms.

In figs. 1 and 3, I have shown two vertical pipes, m m, connected `by a horizontal radiatingiupparatus, F, having vertical tubes, n, passing through it, and from this latter, F, the pipe q proceeds to the chimney.

The pipesare attached, at their lower ends, to seats, r r, which may be provided with a system or nest of pipes through` which ,thewaste steam from the motive-powerof the establishment may discharge its heat, as well as thesteam andvapors that are generated in the ovens. This arrangement admits also of using steam directly from they motive-power boilers, and from the boilers O'O, by connecting them bypipes and fixtures, as is usually done in similar cases.

To .regulate the draught in and vthrough the pipes m m and q,'an ordinary damper, commonly applied to cylindrical pipes, is to be inserted inthe latter, near the chimney, or there may be one of such'applied to each ofthe vertical pipes m m. I v

Such or a somewhat similar arrangement of pipes, radiators, and dampers, or even a part of them, within a room, provides the'mea'ns byavhich a much greater amount ofthe waste'heat'maybe made to serve a useful purpose, as, also, when b oth dampers, g g, (see iig. 1,) are closed, all the currents from one or both ovensmay be madeuto pass through them, distributing the heat between the suites of rooms, as required by the adjustment of the dampers in the pipes q q, (seeg. 1.)

When the deors of the ovens are Iopened to charge and discharge the latter, a large amount of hot gases and vapors escapes into the rooms, the heat of which renders the rooms oppressiv'ely warm and disagreeable.

To obtain a remedyv for this defect, and to make 'use of this portion of the hitherto wasted heat, I attach to the oven walls a sufficiently large 'receiving-box or other device, G,'directly over the oven-door or mouth,

which catches such escaping heat and conveys it upward, whence it passes through apertures in a-partition', S,

and into a duct, t, and from this latter duct into another duct, w

Here it can be retarded or confined by operating a damper, v, which connects the ducts t u with a central duct or ue, w, in the centre wall, which leads into the chimney, as indicatedby the dotted arrows 9-10.

The damper v serves further to shut o' the draught through this centre place, to, when the oven to ,which it belongs is not in. use or heated, else a current bf toe cold air would at some seasons pass through the ducts t u w.

In any case wherein but one oven vand one suite of bath-rooms are constructed, the damper c would not be required, as the partition p in thatcase' would extend to the centre wall, whcreat the duct z' would en d, and to cause the current to move inthe direction of the red arrows in the ducts h, t', and D, a damper may be located at the'point a: opening into 4the flue w. But two suites of hath-rooms may be located over one oven with the same arrangements as are represented inthe drawing, and by suitable positions ofl the dampers in other situations as respects that of the oven.

nIt' is requisite thatY none'ef the preducts of combustionand o'cnsiveV gases and fumes from any source should enter the bath-rooms, so as to come in actual contact with the persons therein, whether bathers, attend# ants crothers, as a pure and comparatively dry air gives greater' pleasure and sanative eli'ects than when impurities are permitted to contaminate it.

In constructing the iioors and all other apparatuswithin the suites of bath-rooms, it is therefore necessary to take suiiicient precaution to insure that they shall be tight, and not become liable to lea-k.

In the construction ofthe floors, I prefer to lay a metallic covering or cap upon the partitions and walls of the ovens 'under them, and upon iron beams of suitable size and strength built in or otherwise therewith, so as to form a rigid foundation, on which the balance of the ioor of the bath-rooms rests. The balance of the iiooring I prefer to construct of lime, sand, and'cement, and slabs of marble laid upon the top of the cement and the other materials.

It is advisable that the flooring be laid in contact with the upper ,surfaces-ot' the partitions which form the ducts under them,'so that the latter become'eiicierft for the purposes intended, that is, to cause the hot currents to circulate'undcr allpartsoftlie flooring. Theiioors thuscomposed and constructed become good conductors and radiators ofheat. i p

Ido not, however, limit myself to this particular kind of floor, no r do I confine myself.to the arrangement that requires the bath-room or rooms to be placed' directly above the ovens.

For obvious reasons, the latter is a good position, but circumstances, as to location and buildings, may require the bath-rooms to be differently located as respects the oven or ovens, and as, the hot products of combastion, gases, and vapors canv be conveyed` in a volume or volumes from the oven or ovens to the. enclosed spaces, duets, or conductors under the flooring o f the hath-rooms, where the heat is to be employed, itis 4 practicable to locate the bath-rooms at any distance from the ovens, so long as a naturalor artificial draught be obtained to effect this end.. And I propose, where it maybe desirable, toemploy this heat not only under `the floor, and in pipes and radiators within the bath-rooms, but between the walls and partitioris of the room or rooms, aspace or spaces being provided-for the purpose, or tubes', or pipes, or radiators being properly-arranged Thus the great object of my invention, pamely, to obtain' a greater amount of useful effect from Athe com-` bastion of a given quantity of fuel used in the process and manufacture of bread, is madetpracticable, and thereby I produce a great and necessary economy in the use of fuel, and a much needed and effectual sanitary treatment is made possible` and convenient to a very large proportion of the public, and to conduce to the removal of a serious obstacle in the preparation of the dough, as will be presently explained.

In bakeries in general, and in large ones in particular, there is a large amount of heat not only wasted, but wastedin such way as to be very injurious to the process of preparing the materials for theibread. The temperatureof the bake-houses, in consequence of so much heat escaping from the ovens in some of `the Ways herein specified, is almost always much too high, and it therefore affects the dough often very injuriously, and it was a subject of much reliection with me to determine in what manner te best avoid these deleterious results, and I therefore devised the combination of ,the bath and oven for thc purposes and effects herein set `forth as at once the most useful and most needed. Y

Those persons who'have experienced the` salutary and luxurious effects of `the hot-air bath properly admin istered, know and will testify 'that it is a'valuable sanitary and eihcient promoter of health and comfort, and

that it should .be much more generally introduced and practised.

It may be well to remark here thatithe process of administering hot-air bathsto well persons and oo nvalesccnts consists in subjecting them gradually to increased temperatures. At rst the airis not many degrees above the natural temperature of the body.

The persons first enter ajroomor chamber heated to about 120 Fahrenheit, and after first wetting their heads with warm water, they remain in such chamber somewhat less than half an hour. Room marked X in the drawings corresponds to. this chamber. i

They ne'rt enter another room or apartment heated to about 150 Fahrenheit, in which it is not often necessary to remain longerthan one-fourth of an hour.' Room marked Y represents this apartment.

They next go into an adjoining apartment, provided with a couch-and other necessary apparatus, in which an attendant cleanses the surface of th'eirbodies, and prom-etes the discharge of the eifete uiatterswhich the increased quantity of blood brings to the surface and capillaries by the heat, by inanipulatingthe skin in various ways, as rubbing, compressing, lineading, and the like, and finally by washing witlrgood soap and water at about thesame temperature of the body, which, by this time, isnct many degrees above 98. The suds are then washed off with water, the temperature of which gradually falls to about 90, orthe party may plunge into a basin or cistern expressly 'adapted for this purpose, as toquantity, quality, and temperature of the water within it, immediately after the suds have been washed oif. Z represents the locality of this room as to its proximity to the others used in the hot-air baths.

The party is next partially dried with clean towels, and loosely wrapped in a. sheet or wrapper, and then 'goes to another apartment, in which a blanket is added to the wrapper, and he now reposes in an inclined position on an easy-chair or ena. couch until the pores of the skin have contracted to their 4normal condition and the skin properly dried. The party 'is then in a proper condition to go into the open air without danger of catching cold or the like.

VIn dry hot air many persons feelcomfortahle at much higher temperatures, some enjoying the bath at near 200 Fahrenheit; but'such high `temperatures are not nccessary only in particular cases, and `should he always administered by an experienced and competent person. p 4

Generally the whole time required to obtain a goed cleansing hot-air bath is between one and ahalf to two hours, and the maximum temperature, 160

The constant increase of the population of a country necessitates more stringent'economy in the expendi' tures of all communities'V wherein such increase occurs; and the wants growing out of the surplus population of large cities and towns make it necessary that nothing be wasted that can be advantageously applied to a useful purpose.

From the above description, it will be seen that the objects aud purposes of my invention are fully obtained. By the combination herein specied, I am enabled to obtain a-much greater amount of useful effect from the combustion of a given quantity of fuel used in the process of manufacturing bread.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Themethod o f utilizing the heat from the interior of a. haking-oven or furnace for the purpose of warming apartments, substantially as herein specified.

lah

` Y 2. I claim the spaces under orby' the sides of bath-rooms, with their pipes communicating with the open' furnace or oven, when the arrangement of the several parts is substantially as and for the purpose of operating in the manner shown.

i3. I claim the combination of the boilers O O, located inan enclosed space, with one or more conductors' of the waste hea-tfrom a. baking-oven, whereby the seid waste heat is caused,zwithout coming in direct contact with .said boilersLto warm the water' required for use in the :manufacture of bread and 'the `ztdministrztton of baths, substantially as'herein specified.

4. I cluim the combination, with a. system of radiating-pipeslocated in an apartment, of a. series of wasteheat conducting-pipes, and 1. series of steam-conducting pipes, so that either the waste heat or the steam, or both together, may be employed at' such time as may be required for warming the apartment, substantially as herein speeied. i

I JAMES PERRY.

Witnesses:

M. M. LIVINGSTON, T. .B. BEECHER. 

